When performed correctly, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save lives. According to the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (SCA), cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death of men and women over the age of 40 in the U.S. and several other countries. Taking the lives of nearly 424,000 people in the U.S. each year, cardiac arrest is comparable to Alzheimers disease, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, diabetes, house fires, automobile accidents, prostate cancer and suicides combined.
But CPR doesn’t come without its own inherit risks of complications. Some victims may experience one or more complications, whereas others may experience none. So, what are some of the most common complications associated with CPR? Let’s take a look at some…
Rib Fractures
The most common complication of CPR are rib fractures. This occurs as a result of deep, aggressive chest compressions. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends performing chest compressions 2 inches deep on adults and children and 1.6 inches deep on infants. Due to the depth required, however, there’s a risk of fracturing the victim’s rib when performing CPR — even if recommendations are followed.
Of course, some victims have a higher risk of rib fractures than others. Women and victims over the age of 40 are considered to have a higher risk of rib injury. Children and infants, on the other hand, have a low risk of rib injury.
Sternum Fractures
Another common complication of CPR are sternum fractures. The sternum is the long T-shaped bone in the center of the chest, which happens top be right where chest compressions are performed. Although its stronger than the ribs, it’s still susceptible to fractures when enough pressure is placed against it.
Much like rib fractures, women and elderly victims are more likely to suffer from a CPR-related sternum fracture. Studies have shown the incident rate of sternum fractures is 1% to 43%.
Vomiting
It’s not uncommon for cardiac arrest victims to vomit when receiving CPR. This is due to the fact that chest compressions may force the victim’s stomach contents up through his or her esophagus and out the mouth. Vomiting increases the risk of aspiration, as it may travel into the respiratory system. If a victim is believed to be at risk for vomiting (such as pregnant victim), then chest compression-only CPR should be performed.
By learning the correct method for performing CPR, you can greatly reduce the risk of complications such as these.